Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers. The Mesopotamia people lived in Southwest Asia Which is modern day Iraq. They started to live there in 5,300 B.C.E. and lost power in 500 B.C.E.. Why is Mesopotamia so important to us? It is important to us because they invented a lot of inventions we still use today. They also were the first to invent the writing system, and the worlds first cities and farms.